The opisthorchiasis group health worms that affect the liver and the pancreas. In the world there are about 21 million people are infected by liver fluke. The giardiasis. Widespread protozoan disease, which can vary from subclinical to severe and occurs because of the infection. The disease of worms, caused by the tapeworm. The disease of groups of helminthes that affect the liver and the pancreas.
Types of parasites
Only people with medical training know all kinds of parasites in the human body. A large part of them do not represent a danger to health. Despite this, the long duration of some of the diseases can cause serious complications.
Parasites in the bodies of adults and children
Not everyone knows what are the pests and where they live. Of this disease suffer people of all ages. Of human animal or bad omen from the following organizations:
- fungi (yeast);
- of worms (nematodes, cestodes, trematodes);
- protozoa (single-celled);
- ticks;
- lice;
- bed bugs;
- the larvae of different insects.
All of the distinguished property: they lead a parasitic mode of life, it is feed and develop at the expense of the person. Their life is different from the duration. Some parasites can exist in a body of persons of 20 to 30 years, without causing any specific clinical. A classification of the parasites according to their habitat. The most often affected the skin of the man. These organizations are " called ectoparasites. These include bed bugs, lice, many fungi and mites. The data creatures can live in the internal organs, lymph vessels and muscles. They represent a great danger because of the possibility of soft tissue injuries.
The varieties of parasites as a function of location
Some worms live in the liver. These include flute, Fasciola Hepatica, Echinococcus, ascaris, toxocariasis. There are types of worms that live in the lungs. This group includes ascaris, Echinococcus, representatives of nematodes pathogenic paragonimoz. Some helminths can be placed in the bile ducts (flukes, Fasciola Hepatica). Sometimes, in the process involved the muscles. This can occur when the infection of trichinosis. Less kidney damage and urinary tract. Animals that live in these bodies, in particular schistosoma. Often, the helminth parasites are detected in the blood vessels and lymph vessels. The parasites that primarily affects the skin. Perhaps involvement in the process of the mucous membranes. The most widespread diseases such as scabies, of the head, a wardrobe and pubis pediculosis, candidiasis. The lice feed on human blood, causing itching. They occur on the scalp, in the pubic region and the inside of the clothing layer that adheres to the body.
As the parasites enter the human body?
You need to know not only information on what types of parasites found in people, but how does the infection. Most often people infected by the imperceptibly. This is happening at home, or during the conduct of the professional activity, the work on the ground, in contact with animals (cats, dogs, rodents). The development of intestinal parasites can occur in case of contact with eggs or larvae of helminths through the mouth. This occurs when the consumption of contaminated products, infected meat or fish, as well as through dirty hands. People are infected primarily through the fecal-oral mechanism. Is unlikely contact, transfer, when the parasites are introduced into the skin. Perhaps this is when the scabies, lice, fungal infection, strongyloidiasis, hookworm.
The parasites are transmitted with the foods (meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, herbs, berries), water, dirty hands, the earth. There are helminths and protozoa, which enter the body of the man in case of contact with contaminated with fecal matter from the wool of animals. Some earthworms, parasites, egg-shaped, and the micro-organisms are transmitted by insects and mites. The vectors can be mosquitoes, mosquitoes, flies. To allocate separately the parasites that can be transmitted during sexual intercourse. This group includes trichomonas, fungi, pubic lice. Of great importance are the beings that enter a person to another directly through the skin and are able to live in the person of a certain period of time. If the infection occurs - a disease caused by dwarf tapeworm, which lives in the intestine of man.
The representatives of the group of the ectoparasites
It is necessary to know not only the types of dangerous creatures, but what are those who are capable of living on human skin. Very common to this disease, such as pediculosis. It comes to a head, of flesh and pubes. Pathogen — louse. These parasites affect the skin and appendages (hair). Lice most often detected in childhood. The reasons are in close contact with other children, the non-observance of rules of personal hygiene and promiscuity of the teams. Lice have the following characteristics:
- are ectoparasites (live on the surface of the human body);
- feed on blood;
- cause a strong itching of the skin;
- the value of 0.4 to 6 mm;
- live about a month;
- have a great fcondit;
- sensitive to high temperatures;
- have a piercing-sucking oral apparatus.
During the examination, patients are often found lice eggs (nits). They are firmly attached to hair, and of small dimensions. The symptoms of head lice most often detected in children between the ages of 15 to 24 years. The pubic lice to a greater extent afflict young people. There are the risk factors of infestation by lice:
- stay in kindergartens, schools-boarding schools and homes;
- the bad social conditions;
- the presence in the family of the sick;
- the work in kindergartens;
- wearing a foreign clothes;
- visit public places (saunas, baths, beauty salons);
- rare laundry.
Often there are parasites in the human body, as itching of the mites. They are easily transmitted to a patient healthy during a contact. In the group of risk includes people who have a bedding, and other personal hygiene items. The itch mites have biting mouth of the device. They live under the skin, nourishing the epidermis. These parasites cause allergic reactions and skin rashes. The more often system the skin of the abdomen, the chest, the thighs, and the intervals between the fingers. The creatures are most active at night, therefore, the symptoms of the disease (itching) is usually expressed in the evening and at night.
The worms in the intestine of man
Not everyone knows species of parasitic worms. They are divided on the nematodes (round worms), cestodes (tapeworms) and trematodes (liver flukes). Many helminths live in the intestine of man. A prominent representative of this group endoparasite is a roundworm. These worms live in the small intestine. The larvae can be found in other organs (liver, lungs). The morbidity rates in the world reached 85 cases per 100 thousand people. The more often ill, small children. The parasites in the form of eggs fall into the intestine when insufficient consumption of washed products. Ascaris have the following characteristics:
- has a round shape is a long body of the value of up to 40 cm;
- relate to geohelminths (in part develop in the environment);
- lay up to 240 thousand eggs per day.
A person who is sick with the feces secretes a large quantity of eggs. They are found in the environment and a certain amount of time, it is mature. The presence of this worm in the body can lead to inflammation of the mucosa of the intestine and to the development of the obstruction. In the group of helminth intestinal between helminth infections in the group nematosis, called by the to of the race of pinworms. Agents are the pinworms. These parasites live in the slim and the colon, often leading to the overgrowth, enteritis. Pinworms are small (up to 1 cm) white worms. They have a pointed end, with which they are attached to the mucosa. Live data helminths up to 2 months. In the risk group are organized for the children who attend the kindergartens and the early grades of school. The infection occurs in domestic or food medium. The transfer factors are in the hand, toys, kitchenware, products, office supplies. The parasites have the ability to crawl toward the outside in order to lay eggs. This occurs mainly during the night. The main signs of the presence of pinworms in the body are the following: abdominal pain, violation of the chair, and itching of the anus.
The protozoan parasites of man
Only the doctors are aware of the simplest aspects. Their number. The most common are the following single-celled:
- the amoeba;
- balantidia;
- trichomonas;
- Leishmania;
- Cryptosporidium;
- giardia;
- malariques of Plasmodium;
- The toxoplasma;
- the trypanosome.
Among the protozoosis is the most widespread of giardiasis. This disease, caused by micro-organisms, single-celled, with the defeat of the 12 duodenal ulcer and the liver. The causative agent of the disease of Giardia. The parasites of man this species has the following characteristics:
- are single-celled mikroorganizmi;
- live in the 2 forms (vegetative and spore);
- transmitted by food, water, kitchen utensils and household items;
- tolerated by insects;
- mainly affects children up to 10 years;
- the value of 21 µm (vegetative forms);
- have flagella (vegetative forms);
- able to move actively.
These creatures are very resistant in the environment. Humans are water, or the touch of a violence ways. People contract giardia cysts. The peak incidence falls on the spring / summer period. Giardia are ubiquitous. In the risk group are the children who attend the organized teams. Suffer most often from people who are not trained in simple skills of personal hygiene. Often, during the examination of patients rvlent the micro-organism such as an amoeba. This is the simpler variant. The creatures hit the intestine and may contribute to the formation of abscesses in other organs (liver). These parasites most commonly detected in individuals that irregularly wash their hands. The amoeba live in the form of the trophozoite and the cyst. The past resistant in the environment. At the risk of amoebiasis includes people who are immunocompromised, and pregnant women. With the exception of amoeba and giardia in the person can emerge from the oocysts of Cryptosporidium. It is a microbe, parazitirujushchy in the intestine. Cryptosporidium cause diarrhea and other intestinal symptoms. Among dangers to people and the parasites are malariques of Plasmodium. Mosquitoes. Infection occurs by insect bites.
The clinical manifestations of the presence of parasites
Familiarization with information on what the parasites live in the intestine, it is also necessary to know the main symptoms of the diseases related to them. The presence in the body of pinworms is characterized by a disorder of the chair by the type of diarrhea, flatulence, pain in the lower abdomen, itching in the perianal region, irritability, rash, a violation of appetite. Children with enterobiasis are sick. Pinworms may be the cause of the development gastroduodenitis, enteritis and dysbiosis. If the body of the ascaris, so people are concerned about nausea, stomach pain, anal itching, increased production of saliva, decreased appetite, weakness. Simple ascariasis may be the cause of the obstruction of the gut of adult parasites. In the migration phase of the larvae may be the appearance of the rash and the cough. Allergic reactions and indigestion are signs of the helminthes are intestinal. Some earthworms have been hitting the muscles. Of bright representatives are: Trichinella. They cause muscle pain, allergic reactions and swelling. These parasites of man, as the moat, are the bodies functional in the biliary system (liver, bladder, and ducts).
This is manifested by nausea, vomiting, low-grade temperature, pain in the right upper quadrant. The creatures living in the bladder and kidneys are schistosoma. They may be the cause of dysuric phenomenon. In the urine of these patients can be detected through the blood. Some parasites of man are the most dangerous and the years may not occur. These include the tapeworm. These tapeworms are able to parasitize in the body in the form of larvae. The man is a branch of this worm. Echinococcus, which lives in the liver or the lungs, in the form of bubbles (cysts). Maybe a few tens. Lice cause patients itching and can cause the development of eczema, pyodermite and chronic dermatitis. On the skin of the appearance of the rash. The defeat of the man chesotocnami mites is characterized by skin itching, mainly in the evening and the night, and a rash. During the presence in the body of malaria parasites and fever, chills, dizziness, nausea, cholestatic jaundice, increases in liver and spleen.
The largest parasites of man
Some parasites have dimensions that are microscopic, while others can reach a length of 20 m are the Most significant:broad tapeworm (the causative agent of the difillobotrioza), pork, and the wave of taenia. These creatures have a bottleneck, a flat body, divided into a multitude of segments (proglottid). Swine tsepen reached 4 m in length. It has the head, the body and the pads. Observed and pitons. A person plays the role of the definitive host.
Sometimes in the body of the people parasitize the larvae of this worm. The larger a worm parasite is vague tsepen. The length of his body until 20 h This parasite causes such a disease, such as a beef tapeworm infection. The largest individuals are able to sneak formants in a tangle in the intestine of man. This can cause disturbances in the passage of stool. A few smaller sizes have helminths of the group of trematodes (broad tapeworm). The infection can be the consumption of half-cooked by a fish.
How to get rid of parasites? There is in man more flour than wanting restorer precarious under the influence of dangerous creatures of the health, but not able to do. Self-therapy practically does not give good results. In the presence of the slightest symptoms, you should consult a doctor. Regardless of the type of human parasites, the doctor will define the diagnosis and find an effective treatment.