Parasites: This is the name of one of the most common groups of infectious diseases.Today about 300 parasites are known, which are a danger to man, including a fatal one.On the territory of the European continent, these are only a few tens of parasites (medical name - Elmintie, helmintic invasion).
Most of the parasites relevant to humans are common in countries with tropical and subtropical climate, as well as a low level of socio-economic development and health culture.
What are the dangerous parasites
Parasites in the human body can influence almost all organ systems.The degree of damage depends on the type of elminto, on the duration of the disease, on the initial state of health.First the diagnosis of specific Elmintic invasion is established, more possibility of rapidly getting rid of the parasite.That's why it is important to promptly diagnose the invasion conditions with parasites and perform all the treatment phases.
Almost every variant of elmintiasis, especially for a long time, causes significant damage to the human body.The invasion of Hlybon is the reason for the delay in psycho-motor development in children of any age, it significantly reduces reserves of performance and life in an adult.
Regardless of the age of a person, the elmintic invasion contributes to allergicization, reduces the ability of the immune system to resist infectious diseases and other diseases, moreover, the effectiveness of the prophylaxis of the ongoing vaccine is significantly reduced.
Cleaning the corps of parasites in rare cases occurs spontaneously, in most cases, specific treatment is needed for this according to a certain scheme.
What are parasites
Parasites (they are also worms or worms) are a vast group of multicellular organisms arranged in a complex way that can exist for a long time in an active state in various conditions.An important feature is the ability to exist within another living organism (person or animal), which is called "invasion".
There are currently various types of parasites in the human body.The most common classification of parasites according to their external structure and the characteristics of the life cycle.
Given the biological characteristics, all parasites are divided into 3 large classes:
- Round worms (they are also nematodes), for example Trichinella, Ankilostoma, Pin, Ascaris;
- Ribbon worms (they are also basketballs), for example Alveococcus, Echinococcus, wide ribbon, Bull -Clinic, pig and nano;
- Supers (they are also Tremontades), for example Opistorch, Fasciol, Clonarch.
Furthermore, like many other diseases, parasitic diseases differ:
- by gravity;
- from the main syndrome, that is, which organ system is damaged to a greater extent;
- by the presence and nature of the complications;
- From the possible outcome of the disease.
Features of parasites
Development phase
Parasite diseases are characterized by a series of differences associated with the characteristics of parasites and their life cycle.
The number of adults of parasites in the human body does not increase, provided that there are no new infections.For the implementation of the life cycle, most parasites require a change of habitat (animal body, soil, etc.).
For any parasite, the development phases are typical.Throughout the life cycle, the elminto passes a series of development phases constantly.As a rule, the parasite egg is transformed into a larva and further into an adult individual.Reverse development does not occur, the egg cannot immediately go on the stage of an adult.
The parasite penetrates the human body in a phase of its life cycle and comes out in another.It is with this moment that the non -trading of practical people of human parasitic diseases is associated.That is, it is impossible to be infected by the majority of parasitic diseases in direct contact with an infected person.
Possible paths of penetration into the human body
With many types of parasites, a person can meet everywhere - they are not visible to the naked eye.The following options are most likely:
- the oral path, i.e. with non -compliance with personal hygiene, the use of dirty or thermally unsuccessful products;
- The percutaneous path, that is, larvae or adults of parasites, penetrate the human body through damage to the skin, when contacting water or soil, with the participation of insects that exceed the blood.
Most of the parasites that affect the human body live in it only in the adult phase, mainly within the digestive tract.These are the intestinal parasites so called (elminti).In turn they are divided into 2 groups based on some characteristics.
The intestinal parasites of the first group enter the human body in the form of an egg.In the digestive tract, they are transformed into an adult individual.The movements of these parasites (Pinworms, a large ribbon, pig and Toro Tenia) are limited only by different departments of the digestive tract.
The representatives of the second group (their larvae or eggs) perform a significantly longer and more complex migration based on various fabrics and organs of the human body.Only after this is an adult individual of the format format.It is clear that the symptoms of these parasitic diseases are much more different, since the migration process is associated with significant changes in the body.
The parasites, which in the phase of an adult or larvae are outside the digestive tract are called fabrics.If there is a parasite in the human body only in the larvae phase, then a person for him is an ecological dead end, which Helmint cannot leave.
Characteristics of the life cycle of parasites
To find out how to get rid of parasites in the body, it is necessary to represent their life cycle in general terms.This knowledge also helps to prevent parasites from entering the human body.
In accordance with the characteristics of the life cycle, all parasites are divided into:
- Geo Parasites;
- contagious elmintosis;
- Bio Elmintiasis.
To implement the life cycle of parasites Geo (Vlasov, a non -core), eggs must be a certain period of time in the soil.In the future, with direct contact with the dirty soil, the use of washed vegetables sufficiently, through dirty hands, the parasites penetrate the human body.
In contagious parasites (Pinworms, Tabbell Nani), all the development phases occur only in the human body, without a change in the environment.Only these types of parasitic diseases are transmitted directly from person to person.It is also possible, especially during childhood, cases of generation ri -auto, or by themselves in case of non -compliance with the rules and skills of hygiene.
The most complex life cycle in bigenmintosis so called.A prerequisite for the implementation of their life cycle is the presence of an intermediate guest.A person can be an intermediate or final teacher.For example, with echinococcosi, a person is an intermediate guest and dogs and cats are definitive.In the case of a tusherinchosis, on the contrary, the representatives of the cattle are intermediate guests and a person is definitive.
Symptoms of parasites
The clinical signs of the parasites, on the one hand, are determined by the predominant damage to a particular organ, on the other hand, have general characteristics that allow us to distinguish an acute and chronic phase of a parasitic disease.
The acute phase of a parasitic disease corresponds to the migration phase of the development of elmininti.It manifests itself with clinical signs such as allergic and general toxic reactions (ascariasis, schistosomosis, fasciolese, tricinellosis).
The immunological component has a significant weight in the development of the acute phase of parasitosis, forms a certain stereotype of the clinical picture and some similarities with other immunological reactions of a non -infectious nature: allergic dermatitis and others.
The period hidden with most of the parasitosis is several weeks, it is reduced to 7-10 days with a massive version of infection and stretches with little intensity.
The main symptoms of parasite diseases are as follows:
- Increase body temperature - from a very high underfebrea;
- pain in the muscles and joints, various durations and intensity;
- the formation of a rash on the entire surface of the skin, of different sizes and intensity, accompanied by the skin of the skin;
- Significant edema of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, less often - mucous membranes;The most typical for Tricinellosis, which gave the disease a characteristic popular name "swollen";
- The development of lung syndrome, namely night cough, asmitmites, the formation of pneumonia with a focus migrant of the damage;
- The development of abdominal syndrome, which is characterized by moderate abdominal pain, liquid feces without impurities of mucus and blood;
- In serious cases, damage to the central nervous system and the heart are observed;
- A distinctive feature of the Elmintiasis is the changes in the peripheral blood: the pronounced leukocytosis and the significant eosinophilia (up to 30-40%).
In the treatment in the acute phase phase of drugs from parasites in the human body, the most effective.
In the chronic phase of parasitic diseases, the harmful effect is determined by the type of adult parasite.The negative effect on the human body is associated:
- greater toxic and less allergic effects;
- Mechanical damage to the tissues in the parasitic area (for example, hepatic echinococcosi);
- the absorption of nutrients, a violation of metabolic processes, the development of anemia and cachexia;
- severe anemia;
- increase in the irritability and excitability of a person;
- It is possible to join the secondary infection and the disbpping, the weight of the course of other infectious and non -infectious diseases, as well as pregnancy.
The duration of the existence of individual parasites has been different - for several days and weeks (cutters) to many years.After a parasitic illness, the ri -infection is possible, since immunity is not formed.Therefore, the cleaning of a time of the body from parasites does not protect against a repeated episode of the disease.
Treatment of parasites
Classical drug therapy of parasitosis in the present has achieved significant success.The introduction in the clinical practice of benzimidazole and imidazole compounds has made it possible to successfully deal with many types of elmintie.
These drugs have a large exposure spectrum, small toxide with a short treatment course, for adults and children are convenient to use.The corresponding age of the dosage of drugs should be observed.
How to purify the body of a specific parasite, which treatment regime to choose and which drug is decided by the doctor.It is not recommended to prevent elmintiasis on the personal initiative, with what dependence on medicines develop, that is, a decrease in their effect.
Parasitic cleaning
With parasitosis, treatment with popular remedies is no less popular than the means of traditional medicine.Supporters of natural tools for parasitic diseases focus on the safety and universality of this therapy.There is a lot of prescription of traditional medicine, which allows you to face parasites in the human body quite effectively.The following options to eliminate parasites in the human body are more famous:
- coriander and pumpkin seeds as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for parasites;
- Alcohol tincture on Chanterelles combined with white mushrooms;
- a decoction of pine cones;
- Tincture of green walnuts.
All popular remedies for parasites should be made in accordance with the recipe and clean hands.Before choosing a particular recipe, it is important to make sure that a person does not have an allergy to the ingredients that are part of medicine.
How to protect you from parasites
It is easy and difficult at the same time.Several simple rules will help to minimize the risk of infection with any parasite:
- wash your hands thoroughly;
- the right habit of using a single set of dishes;
- Elaborate the meat and fish thoroughly, with caution uses fish and salty meat of fish and meat;
- Treat vegetables and fruit with boiling water (after washing in running water);
- Always wash your hands with soap after communicating with animals (even domestic).
Parasite infection at any age is an unpleasant problem, but completely eliminating early treatment.